Questions and answers

With the passing of recent legislation (Engrossed Substitute Senate Bill 6057) the department received several questions on how this new law applies to beekeepers. Below is a representative list of those questions and our answers.

If a beekeeper registers with the Washington State Department of Agriculture (RCW 15.60.021), is he or she considered to be a “farmer” if the beekeeper owns or keeps at least one hive?

The answer is yes if, in addition to registering with Washington State Department of Agriculture and owning or keeping at least one hive, the beekeeper must also meet the definition of an “eligible apiarist” (see description above)

The new legislation exempts the gross income from bee pollination services provided by all eligible apiarists to farmers from B&O tax. This means that beekeepers who don't register with WSDA are subject to B&O taxes, correct?

If an apiarist doesn't register under RCW 15.60.021(with WSDA), then they do not qualify as an “eligible apiarist” and would not be considered a “farmer” even if they make wholesale sales of honey bee products. They would not qualify for any of the exemptions listed in this document that are contingent on an apiarist being an “eligible apiarist” or a “farmer.”

Note: A beekeeper that does not register with WSDA, but provides bee pollination services would be subject to B&O tax under the Service and Other Activities classification on their charges for these services.

Does Washington's litter tax apply to the sale of honey?

Retail sales of honey are subject to litter tax.
Wholesale sales of honey by an eligible apiarist are exempt from litter tax. (WAC 458-20-243(5)(b))
Retail sales of manufactured honey bee products are subject to litter tax.

Are sales of food generally sales tax free?

Sales of food and food ingredients for human consumption are exempt from sales tax. (WAC 458-20-244)

Are B&O taxes due from sales of honey bee products (queen honey bees, packaged honey bees, honey, pollen, bees wax, propolis, or other substances obtained from honey bees)? Will sales tax be collected on the sales of these? What is the current state of beekeepers' DOR obligations on sales of honey bee products?

Wholesale sales of honey bee products (see definition above) by an eligible apiarist are exempt from B&O tax. Such sales are also exempt from litter tax (RCW 82.19.050). If an eligible apiarist's only business activity is the wholesaling of honey bee products then they are not required to register with the Department of Revenue.

Retail sales (sales to end consumers) of honey bee products are subject to B&O tax under the Retailing classification and, in general, are subject to sales tax. Sales tax exemptions include:

Food and food ingredients: for example retail sales of honey are exempt from sales tax. (WAC 458-20-244)
Interstate and foreign sales – Sales of honey products delivered by the seller to an out-of-state location are exempt from retail sales tax as interstate and foreign sales. Note: such sales are also exempt from B&O tax. (WAC 458-20-193)

Note: Sales of honey bees by an eligible apiarist to a farmer for providing pollination services are exempt from B&O tax and sales tax.

Are eligible apiarists exempt from paying retail sales tax on the following purchases of agricultural inputs?

Chemicals for use on bees
Eligible apiarists are exempt from paying sales tax on “spray materials.” The term “spray materials” is limited to any substance or mixture of substances in liquid, powder, granular, dry flowable, or gaseous form, which is intended to prevent, destroy, control, repel, or mitigate any insect, rodent, nematode, mollusk, fungus, weed, and any other form of plant or animal life normally considered to be a pest. (Emphasis added) (WAC 458-20-210)
Creatures like the varroa mite are “pests” and purchases of chemical sprays to destroy, control, repel, or mitigate the pest would qualify for this exemption from sales tax.
Medications for bees
There is a sales tax exemption for animal pharmaceuticals. Animal pharmaceuticals are only exempt when both of the following apply:
- The medication is administered by the farmer (eligible apiarist).
- The medication is listed in either the FDA “Green Book” or the USDA “Veterinary Biologics Product Catalogue.”
  If both of these requirements are met, then the purchase is exempt from sales tax. If not then the purchase is subject to sales tax. (WAC 458-20-210)
Feed for bees (corn syrup, sugar, pollen patties or protein supplements containing brewers yeast, soy flour, pollen, corn syrup, vitamins, minerals, sometimes medications). Since some beekeepers make their own pollen patties, are the purchases of the components of patties also exempt from sales tax such as a 50-pound bag of sugar, pallets of soy flour, etc?:
- “Feed" is any substance used as food to sustain or improve animals, birds, fish, or insects, including whole and processed grains or mixtures thereof, hay and forages or meals made therefrom, mill feeds and feeding concentrates, stock salt, hay salt, bone meal, fish meal, cod liver oil, double purpose limestone grit, oyster shell, and other similar substances. Food additives that are given for their beneficial growth or weight effects are "feed." Hormones or similar products that do not make a direct nutritional or energy contribution to the body are not "feed," nor are products used as medicines.
- The purchases of “feed” by an eligible apiarist, including items purchased to make feed (for example, pollen patties), are exempt from sales tax, except for the purchases of hormones or similar products. When making such purchases the eligible apiarist must provide their vendor with a completed Farmers' Certificate for Wholesale Purchases and Sales Tax Exemptions.

Are all apiarists exempt from collecting retail sales tax on pollination services?

Yes, both eligible and non-eligible apiarists are exempt from collecting retail sales tax on pollination services to farmers. (An eligible apiarist would not owe B&O tax. While a non-eligible apiarist would owe B&O tax under the service and other activities classification.)

Can eligible apiarists use the sales tax exemption on replacement parts for qualifying farm machinery and equipment and labor and services to repair that equipment if their gross annual sales of agricultural products, including honey bee products, and bee pollination services are at least $10,000?

Yes, eligible apiarists who have at least annual gross income from pollination services or from sales of agricultural products (including honey bee products) of at least $10,000, or both qualify for this exemption.

It is up to the individual eligible apiarist to determine if they qualify for this exemption and they must maintain records documenting that they qualify for the exemption. To obtain the exemption, the eligible apiarist must provide the seller with a completed Farmers' Certificate for Wholesale Purchases and Sales Tax Exemptions, and the eligible apiarist must mark block 9 (Replacement Parts and Repair Services for Qualifying Farm Machinery and Equipment).

Do the following items qualify for the exemption from sales tax for replacement parts and labor and services to repair such equipment?

Forklift (for moving bees).
A forklift primarily used to grow, raise or produce an agricultural product (e.g. honey bee products) qualifies as farm machinery and equipment. Therefore the purchase of replacement parts for such forklifts is exempt from sales tax.
Note: Only the replacement parts and repair services on such forklifts is exempt; the exemption does not extend to the purchase of a forklift.
Extracting equipment (machinery used for extracting the honey from the combs, usually stainless steel).
Extracting equipment qualifies as farm machinery and equipment. Therefore, the purchase of replacement parts for extracting equipment is exempt from sales tax.
Note: Only the replacement parts and repair services on extracting equipment is exempt; the exemption does not extend to the purchase of actual extracting equipment.
Honey bottling equipment/tanks (stainless steel again, for filling containers of honey).
Honey bottling equipment qualifies as farm machinery and equipment. Therefore, the purchase of replacement parts for honey bottling equipment is exempt from sales tax.
Note: Only the replacement parts and repair services on honey bottling equipment is exempt; the exemption does not extend to the purchase of actual honey bottling equipment.
Refrigeration units for stored pollen.
Refrigeration units for storing pollen do not qualify as farm machinery and equipment. Therefore the purchase of replacement parts for refrigeration units do not qualify for this exemption.
The exemption is limited to machinery and equipment used primarily in the growing, raising or producing the agricultural product. Here the refrigeration unit is used to store the product; not grow, raise, or produce the product.
Honey pumps (for transferring honey from a sump to a tank or from a tank to a barrel or jar).
Honey pumps qualify as farm machinery and equipment. Therefore the purchase of replacement parts for honey pumps is exempt from sales tax. Note: Only the replacement parts and repair services on honey pumps are exempt; the exemption does not extend to the purchase of actual honey pumps.
Syrup pumps (for putting corn syrup or sugar water from a tank into an in-hive container).
Syrup pumps qualify as farm machinery and equipment. Therefore the purchase of replacement parts for syrup pumps is exempt from sales tax.
Note: Only the replacement parts and repair services on syrup pumps are exempt; the exemption does not extend to the purchase of actual syrup pumps.
Carpentry equipment (table saw, radial arm saw, planer, etc., used for building woodenware [hive boxes, lids, pallets, frames, etc.).
Carpentry equipment for building hives does not qualify as farm machinery and equipment. Therefore the purchase of replacement parts for carpentry equipment does not qualify for this exemption. The exemption is limited to machinery and equipment used primarily in the growing, raising or producing the agricultural product. Here the carpentry equipment is used to build something that is used for the raising or producing of an agricultural product. These tools are not used themselves to grow, raise or produce the agricultural product.
Hives of bees, bought as replacement hives for hives lost to fire or stolen or died by spray or other causes.
Hives of bees are not “machinery or equipment” therefore they are not eligible for this exemption from sales tax. However, the sale of bees to an eligible apiarist is exempt from retail sales tax if sold to an eligible apiarist.
Bee boxes (and lids/pallets/frames), bought to replace worn out ones, by those who don't do carpentry to build replacements.
Bee hive boxes to replace worn-out bee boxes are not replacement parts but are replacement equipment. Consequently, these replacements do not qualify for this exemption.
Note: The exemption only extends to parts that replace an existing part, not the entire piece of qualifying machinery or equipment.

If a frame breaks, the replacement of the frame would qualify. If a panel of a bee box is damaged and the damaged side of the bee box needs replacing, the replacement panel used to patch the bee box would be considered a replacement part.